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Comprehensive Guide to Java Logging Levels: Trace, Debug, Info, Warn, Error, and Fatal Comprehensive Guide to Java Logging Levels: Trace, Debug, Info, Warn, Error, and Fatal Logging is an essential aspect of application development and maintenance. It helps developers track application behavior and troubleshoot issues effectively. Java provides various logging levels to categorize messages based on their severity and purpose. This article covers all major logging levels: Trace , Debug , Info , Warn , Error , and Fatal , along with how these levels impact log printing. 1. Trace The Trace level is the most detailed logging level. It is typically used for granular debugging, such as tracking every method call or step in a complex computation. Use this level sparingly, as it can generate a large volume of log data. 2. Debug The Debug level provides detailed information useful during dev...

Shop Christmas Products Now In this post, we'll discuss how to dynamically load and manage configurations in a Spring Boot application based on various variants or profiles . This approach is especially useful in scenarios like A/B testing, where each variant may have distinct configuration requirements, but there's also a need for a primary or default configuration. We’ll demonstrate the solution using a generalized example while outlining the key concepts. Use Case Imagine you have a Spring Boot application that needs to load different configurations for various feature variants dynamically, while also maintaining a default configuration as the fallback. The system should: Dynamically load configuration properties from multiple sources. Register variant-specific configurations as Spring beans. Ensure the default configuration is marked as primary for injection wherever no variant is specified. Provide a mechanism to retrieve a specific configuration based on the variant ...

The Spock Framework is an excellent tool for writing unit tests in Groovy and Java. It's highly expressive, making it easier to write and read tests. In this post, we'll provide a basic example of how to use Spock to write unit tests, along with a simple demonstration of the Given/When/Then structure. What is Spock? Spock is a Groovy-based testing framework that allows you to write tests in a natural and readable way. Its syntax is concise and expressive, which makes writing and understanding tests easier. It’s also capable of testing Java applications and can be used to write tests for both functional and unit testing scenarios. Basic Example: Unit Testing with Spock Let’s consider a basic example: a service that calculates the total price of items in a shopping cart. Class to be Tested class ShoppingCart {     // Method to calculate the total price of items in the cart     BigDecimal calculateTotal(List<BigDecimal> items) {         // Ret...

As Kubernetes has become the standard for deploying containerized applications, ingress controllers play a critical role in managing how external traffic is routed to services within the cluster. Envoy and NGINX are two of the most popular options for ingress controllers, and each has its strengths, weaknesses, and ideal use cases. In this blog, we’ll explore: How both ingress controllers work. A detailed comparison of their features. When to use Envoy vs. NGINX for ingress management. What is an Ingress Controller? An ingress controller is a specialized load balancer that: Manages incoming HTTP/HTTPS traffic. Routes traffic to appropriate services based on rules defined in Kubernetes ingress resources. Provides features like TLS termination, path-based routing, and host-based routing. How Envoy Ingress Controller Works Envoy , initially built by Lyft, is a high-performance, modern service proxy and ingress solution. Here's how it operates in Kubernetes: Ingress Resource : You d...

Managing distributed transactions is one of the most critical challenges in microservices architecture. Since microservices operate with decentralized data storage, traditional ACID transactions across services are not feasible. The Saga Pattern is a proven solution for ensuring data consistency in such distributed systems. In this blog, we’ll discuss: What is the Saga Pattern? Types of Saga Patterns : Orchestration vs. Choreography How to Choose Between Them Implementing Orchestration-Based Saga with Spring Boot An Approach to Event-Driven Saga with Kafka 1. What is the Saga Pattern? The Saga Pattern breaks a long-running distributed transaction into a series of smaller atomic transactions , each managed by a microservice. If any step fails, compensating actions are performed to roll back the preceding operations. Example: In an e-commerce system , a customer places an order: Payment is processed. Inventory is reserved. Shipping is scheduled. If inventory reservation fails, the paym...

In modern applications, configuration plays a crucial role in maintaining flexibility and modularity. Often, we need to load properties from multiple YAML files, organized across nested directories, to ensure scalability and modular configuration. In this blog, we’ll explore how to dynamically load all YAML files from a specific directory structure and merge their properties into a single configuration object. Use Case Imagine we have a configuration directory like this: src/main/resources ├── application.yml ├── configs │   ├── environment │   │   ├── dev.yml │   │   ├── qa.yml │   ├── features │   │   ├── feature1.yml │   │   ├── feature2.yml We want to load all YAML files under the configs directory (including subdirectories), merge them, and make the properties available for use in our Spring Boot application. Implementation 1. Dynamic YAML Loader We will create a utility class to dy...