In the world of software architecture, maintaining code quality, flexibility, and testability becomes increasingly critical as applications grow. Two popular architectural styles that help developers achieve these goals are Clean Architecture and Hexagonal Architecture (Ports and Adapters) . Though they share a common philosophy of decoupling business logic from external concerns, they differ in structure and terminology. Let's break them down with clear explanations and practical examples. What is Clean Architecture? Clean Architecture , proposed by Robert C. Martin (Uncle Bob), aims to isolate the business logic from frameworks, databases, and other external agencies. It follows a layered, concentric model where the most central part of the application is the core business logic, and the outer layers handle external concerns. Key Layers: Entities : Core business models and logic. Independent of any framework or library. Use Cases : Application-specific bu...